¹ Frogner, B.K. and Dill, J.S. (2022, April 8). Tracking Turnover Among Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 12, 2025.

² Das, B. (2024, Aug. 15). What Is a Doctorate Degree? (With Requirements and Tips). Indeed. Retrieved March 21, 2025.

³ The earnings referenced were reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Medical and Health Services Managers as of May 2024, retrieved on May 12, 2025. Due to COVID-19, data from 2020 to 2024 may be atypical compared to prior years. BLS calculates the median using salaries of workers nationwide with varying levels of education and experience. It does not reflect the earnings of GCU graduates as Medical and Health Services Managers, nor does it reflect the earnings of workers in one city or region of the country or a typical entry-level salary. Median income is the statistical midpoint for the range of salaries in a specific occupation. It represents what you would earn if you were paid more money than half the workers in an occupation, and less than half the workers in an occupation. It may give you a basis to estimate what you might earn at some point if you enter this career. Grand Canyon University can make no guarantees on individual graduates’ salaries. Your employability will be determined by numerous factors over which GCU has no control, such as the employer the graduate chooses to apply to, the graduate’s experience level, individual characteristics, skills, etc. against a pool of candidates.

⁴ U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, April 18). What Medical and Health Services Managers Do. Retrieved July 25, 2025.

Approved and verified accurate by the dean of the College of Doctoral Studies on April 14, 2025.