Let us consider a hypothetical example. In the fictitious town of Newtown Springs, some locals want to create a new highway through a stretch of woods. Other people oppose this plan because they would prefer to create mountain biking trails and a nature preserve in that area.
Both groups of people petition their local elected officials, arguing that their proposed use of the land should prevail. Each side explains the advantages of doing things their preferred way while pointing out the downsides of the opposing group’s plan. These groups of people are both participating in political communication — strategic messaging designed to persuade their elected officials to agree with their point of view.
Alternatively, imagine that the citizens of Newtown Springs do not have any particular plan in mind for that stretch of woods. An elected official of the town decides that it would make an excellent nature preserve to enhance the locals’ quality of life and support conservation efforts. The elected official participates in media interviews, explaining why this plan would be best for the town. Those interviews are another form of political communication.
Political communication can consist of media interviews, published documents, websites, op-eds in newspapers, political campaigns and more. However, it can also include more than written and verbal communication. Political communication encompasses a political campaign’s or elected official’s logos, gesticulations during speeches, mannerisms and even hairstyles.
For example, two politicians may choose to reach their constituents in different ways. While one politician chooses mild mannerisms and a calm tone of voice, the other is enthusiastic and animated.
Although mannerisms and tone of voice don’t have much to do with the governance-related ideas these politicians are promoting, they allow the politicians to connect with their audiences. In other words, charisma and audience engagement are important characteristics of effective political communication.