Family dynamics refer to the patterns of behavior and interactions among family members. Healthy family dynamics include supportive behaviors that provide emotional security, love and affection, whereas unhealthy family dynamics may typically be characterized by frequent arguments, criticism and unreasonable expectations.^{(See disclaimer 1)}

What are family dynamics like when addiction is involved? When a family is affected by the substance use disorder or addiction of one or more family members, their family dynamics can become unhealthy and stressful.

Substance use is a significant problem in the United States and around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than three million deaths around the world annually can be attributed to drug and alcohol use.^{(See disclaimer 2)}

Many families have a loved one who has struggled with addiction. Complex family dynamics can impact addiction and recovery in both positive and negative ways. When it comes to substance use and addiction, these family dynamics are one factor that counselors in the profession must consider when working with patients in order to provide the best care and guidance. Whether you are the family member of someone struggling with an addiction or an aspiring addiction counselor, it will be helpful to develop an understanding of the family dynamics meanings.

The broad family dynamics definition is that it consists of all the behavioral patterns, relationships and interactions among family members, including biological, adopted and “found” family. Family dynamics include family members living under the same roof, as well as those living apart.

Family dynamics encompasses all the following:

• Roles: Each family member typically assumes a certain role, such as the role of a nurturer.
• Relationships: Every family member will have a unique relationship with every other family member. How Jane relates to John might not be the same as how Jeanie relates to John, for example. Some relationships are closer and more harmonious than others.
• Rules: Each family has either implicit or explicit rules that are expected to regulate interactions within the family.
• Authority: Each family member has a certain degree of authority, control and influence over other family members.
• Communication: A family’s communication includes verbal and nonverbal language, as well as conflict resolution skills.
• Emotional health: A family’s overall emotional wellness can be characterized as warm, affectionate, supportive and positive or cold, isolating, critical and negative.

Just as every person is a unique amalgamation of their personality, life experiences and hopes and fears, every family is also unique. While it’s difficult to generalize families, it can be said that some families have healthy, positive family dynamics while others have unhealthy, negative ones. Furthermore, some family members may have healthy, positive family dynamics with certain family members, but not with others.

Family dynamics meanings are significant because they can have a tremendous impact on not only the family, but on the health of individuals as well. Family dynamics play a major role in the development of children, including their ability to self-regulate, use proper social skills and have self-esteem. Traumatic family dynamics may contribute to mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression and they can influence how a person will interact with others throughout their lifetime. These adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can even increase the risk of physical health problems, including heart, lung and liver disease.^{(See disclaimer 1)}

When someone is suffering from an addiction, their condition affects more than just themselves. Substance abuse is a problem that radiates outward, potentially affecting the individual’s spouse, children, parents and other family members. 

There are many ways in which families may be affected by addiction, in both the short and long terms, including:

• Relationship strain: Addiction can strain family relationships by causing conflict and trust issues. For significant others, addiction can lead to a wide variety of problems, ranging from lack of communication to guilt and shame. Parents of an individual struggling with addiction may feel helpless and confused. Children, even from a young age, can feel the strain placed on the family and the disconnect created by addiction.
• Emotional trauma: For some families, seeing the progression of an addiction can even lead to trauma and take a toll on mental health. Fear and stress can also increase for some family members as an addiction becomes more serious, or an addict begins experiencing the consequences of their actions.
• Trust: Addiction can erode trust among family members. When a family member who is struggling with substance use says repeatedly that they’ll stop using the drug and then continues to do so, the other family members may feel they can no longer trust their loved one.
• Communication: Substance use disorders can cause the individual to act deceitfully in both behavior and communication with loved ones. Non-addicted family members may have trouble initiating open and honest conversation and they may feel isolated and struggle to express themselves.

Substance use disorders and addiction can also cause changes in roles and the family power structure. Some individuals who previously weren’t caretakers and nurturers might feel the need to step into that type of role. Other individuals may become enablers.

Unhealthy family dynamics that create an enabling micro-culture can make the substance use problem worse. In most situations in which a person is struggling, it’s typical for their family to offer their support and assistance. In the case of substance use, however, well-meaning efforts made by family members often allow or support the continuance of the addict’s substance use problem. They may minimize the problem, hide evidence of it or otherwise protect the individual from the consequences of their addiction.

When family dynamics are healthy and positive but not enabling, they can have a major impact on the individual’s path toward recovery. Because an addict’s family can become deeply involved in addiction, they should also be a part of the patient’s healing process. 

This participation can include actions such as:

• Creating a healthy home environment: This involves making sure home is a safe space for all family members and that there is clear and healthy communication within the household.
• Learning about addiction recovery: Learning about the recovery process and how to be of help is an important step that families can take in addiction recovery. There are a variety of online resources available to those who are searching for information on addiction recovery for family members.
• Attending group therapy sessions: Group therapy can help families confront and deal with some of the issues that present themselves along with addictions. Mending broken relationships is an important part of recovery, whether it is through couples or family therapy or support groups.

There are many careers that touch on family dynamics. For example, behavioral health technicians support the work of doctors and nurses as they treat patients with a wide range of behavioral health problems, including substance use and trauma disorders.

Not all family dynamics-related careers are found in behavioral healthcare, however. Social and community service managers are responsible for helping individuals and families access various services with the goal of overcoming problems or strengthening well-being. Similarly, case managers can work with individuals and families affected by mental health issues.

Another career option to consider is substance use counselor. A Bachelor of Science in Counseling with an Emphasis in Addiction, Chemical Dependency and Substance Abuse degree can teach the academic foundation for pursuing a counseling career.

After the completion of an undergraduate degree, you may choose to pursue a master’s degree in addiction counseling. This is a necessary step to practice as a counselor. You may also wish to seek certification and licensure, depending on your state and career goals.^{(See disclaimer 3)}

In a Master of Science (MS) in Addiction Counseling program, students cover topics and courses such as: 

• Major counseling theories and principles, including psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioral, and existential psychotherapy
• The psychological dynamics of substance use disorders
• Group dynamics and group counseling theories
• Psychopharmacology, including the effects of psychoactive substances

Grand Canyon University offers a variety of psychology and counseling degrees to provide a comprehensive introduction to counseling competencies. Earn a BS in Behavioral Health Science: Family Dynamics emphasis or an Online MS in Mental Health and Wellness: Family Dynamics Emphasis at GCU to grow in your understanding of family dynamics.