Because social work is so versatile, professionals are likely to find themselves in a variety of work environments over the course of their careers. The details of the various options within each available sector can make all the difference, so it’s important to understand these differences before choosing a specific social work career.4
The Public Sector
When you think of the public sector, the first thing that likely comes to mind is local, state or federal government work. While these comprise much of the public sector, many additional subcategories fall under this grouping, including:
- Prisons
- Public health departments
- Public hospitals
- Public schools
- Social services
The public sector offers the largest range of positions in the social work field. Governments are responsible for providing services to people in their communities and will always need social workers to help deliver these services, whether through a government agency or the public school system.
Professionals who represent the government often interact with the general public. Therefore, they must conduct themselves in a professional manner and adhere to all the rules, regulations and trainings required by government agencies.
Public sector social workers have influence in the communities they work with and can even effect change in public policy.
The Private Sector
The private sector offers opportunities for social workers as well. Social work career paths in this sector include:
- Couples or family counseling
- Work in private healthcare facilities
- Sports psychology
- Therapy
These opportunities may offer greater flexibility and independence, as people in this sector often start their own practice and tailor it to their chosen specialty. Social workers in this situation can shape their businesses to their needs and preferences and set some of their own standards and rules.
The Nonprofit Sector
Work environments in the nonprofit sector vary widely depending on the area of interest and the community served. Nonprofits are not always held to the same strict standards as public sector institutions. These organizations frequently offer niche services not provided by the government.
Because professionals working in the nonprofit sector can provide specialized services to specific communities, they often build connections with these communities and their co-workers, creating a potentially rewarding work experience and a close-knit work environment.
When looking into nonprofit work in smaller organizations, be alert for challenges you might not expect. For example, some organizations require employees to handle responsibilities outside of their specialty. Although this environment isn’t for everyone, some enjoy the stretch and the variety, and it’s a good opportunity to learn new skills while making a lasting impact on the communities around you.