How To Become a Public Health Nurse
What Is a Public Health Nurse?
If you’re a current or aspiring nurse exploring different nursing specialties, you may be wondering, What is a public health nurse? and What makes this position unique? Like all nurses, public health nurses advocate for patients. However, the difference is the public health profession involves the health of an entire population, not just one patient at a time.
Public health nurses promote communities’ health, including towns, counties, states or entire countries. Their primary focus is on the community as a whole. The public health field is distinctive in its emphasis on prevention and reducing risk factors for disease and injury, especially where underserved and at-risk populations are concerned. Some examples of this include encouraging children to wear bicycle helmets or helping smokers access smoking cessation support services.
As of 2022, registered nurses held approximately 3.2 million jobs.(See disclaimer 1)
What Does a Public Health Nurse Do?
Public health nurses engage in public policy and planning. They develop support systems and programs in the community to prevent problems and provide access to care. These professionals may also provide direct patient care.
Public health nurses may take social determinants of health into consideration for a holistic approach to community wellness because many factors can significantly influence health such as geography, education level, economic stability and social issues.
Specific job responsibilities vary depending on the workplace and the population served. However, here are some of the possibilities:
Gather, record and analyze medical information
This information is used to help identify health trends in the community, such as a spike in heart attack deaths or an outbreak of foodborne illnesses.
Influence public policy
These professionals aim to create more access to healthcare services and reduce healthcare disparities with the goal of generating better health outcomes for underserved and at-risk patients.
Develop public health initiatives
With the development of these initiatives comes overseeing the implementation and monitoring progress and effects.
Education
Deliver health education one-on-one or to groups of people, often focusing on healthy lifestyle changes that reduce the risk of injury and disease.
What Education and Experience Does a Public Health Nurse Need?
If you’re exploring the possibility of becoming a public health nurse, you first should understand the public health nurse requirements.
As you can see, there are various routes you can take on your way to becoming a public health nurse. Regardless of which option best suits you, you can expect to continuously gain experience as you work to grow your knowledge of the field and serve your community by acting as an advocate for change.
High School Diploma
College Degree
Entry-Level Roles
Certificates
Professional Certifications
Best Degrees for a Public Health Nurse
After you have earned your BSN and acquired a few years of working experience, you may decide that it is time to return to school. Obtaining a graduate degree can demonstrate your competence of the public health nursing field, as well as allow you to apply for certification after you graduate.(See disclaimer 2)
Look for an MSN degree that offers a specialization in public health nursing or a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree. Both options will allow you to explore advanced topics such as epidemiology, population health management, organizational leadership and the analysis and application of public health data, while the MSN will also focus more on social and behavioral principles, interprofessional collaboration, population assessment and program planning and evaluation.
These public health degrees cover various relevant topics, such as:
Evidence-based practices
Epidemiology
Public health data analysis
International perspectives
Population assessment, program planning, and evaluation
Public health advocacy
GCU Recommends These Degree Programs for Public Health Nurses
GCU offers various undergraduate BSN options for you to first become an RN, followed by two graduate degrees that can help you on your journey to becoming a public health nurse. Depending on your previous educational and work background, one degree program may be more suitable for you than another.
These programs include:
What Skills Do Public Health Nurses Need?
Being a public health nurse requires a diverse set of skills.
Some of these skills include:
Excellent communication
Project management
Analytical
Interpersonal
Problem-solving
Adaptability
Where Do Public Health Nurses Work?
Public health nurses work in a variety of settings. Some work for nonprofits or governmental institutions, while others work for privately held healthcare companies. Those in county and state health departments also work to implement health initiatives and track their progress and impact over time. Many work in administrative roles, although registered nurses can also provide direct care in public health clinics.
When reviewing public health nurse salary estimates, we can look at the annual median data for registered nurses. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), registered nurses have a median annual wage of $86,070 as of May 2023.(See disclaimer 4)
While the BLS does not have specific job growth data for public health nurses, we can look at registered nursing data to get an idea of the growth in this industry. The BLS estimates job growth for registered nurses to increase by at least 6% from 2022 to 2032, faster than average, accounting for an estimated increase of 177,400 jobs in the field.(See disclaimer 5)
Some common areas that have public health nurses on staff include:
Health Clinics
Public health nurses can work at clinics to become a part of promoting change, providing healthcare education and other awareness services aimed at helping improve the health of the community. Clinics can be part of larger health care organizations, free-standing non-governmental organizations or the public health department.
County and State Health Departments
Public health nurses who work in county or state health departments are primarily community advocates. They use their knowledge to influence and develop public policies to improve the health of the region they serve, such as preparing emergency preparedness programs, evaluating existing programs, and implementing new programs based on population/community assessments.
Nonprofit Organizations
These organizations are dedicated to improving healthcare for disenfranchised communities. Public health nurses who work for them may take on various tasks, ranging from educating communities on disease outbreak prevention to spearheading an initiative to deliver clean drinking water to disaster relief programs.
School Systems
School system nurses play a critical role in the community’s health. Nurses can exert an influence on the next generation by educating young people about important health issues and helping them develop healthy habits. In addition to facilitating education about personal hygiene and other essential topics, school nurses evaluate healthcare concerns and administer prescribed medications.
Home Care and Hospice
Nurses working in home care and hospice must be self-directed and able to work autonomously in the community, caring for patients in their homes. Nurses in home care and hospice provide direct care and continuous assessments to plan the best plan of care for their patients.
Median annual wage for registered nurses as of May 2023(See disclaimer 4)
Estimated job growth for registered nurses from 2022 to 2032(See disclaimer 5)
Advancement Opportunities Within Public Health Nursing
For those in the nursing field who are looking to advance to the highest level of nursing education, GCU offers a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree. This degree program is ideal for nurse leaders who are looking to impact healthcare from the forefront. This program will teach you the theoretical and scientific foundations of healthcare, allowing you the opportunity to potentially reach clinical excellence and make a difference in your community through various high-level roles.
Explore More on Public Health Nursing
Stay informed with the latest insights and updates on public health nursing.
The work of public health professionals is extremely important to both local communities and the world at large.
At some point during their careers, professionals in the public health field might wonder, “Is an MPH worth it?”
Public health is a healthcare specialization focused on promoting health and preventing injuries and diseases.
Do you feel called to serve others in your community through a career in public health? Consider enrolling in the right nursing program for you at GCU.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). Registered Nurses. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved Feb. 27, 2024.
- NurseJournal. (2022, Dec. 6). How To Become a Public Health RN. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
- National Board of Public Health Examiners. (2024). Eligibility Requirements. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
- The earnings referenced were reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (“BLS”), Registered Nurses, as of May 2023, retrieved May 21, 2024. Due to COVID-19, data from 2020 to 2023 may be atypical compared to prior years. BLS calculates the median using salaries of workers nationwide with varying levels of education and experience. It does not reflect the earnings of GCU graduates as registered nurses, nor does it reflect earnings of workers in one city or region of the country or a typical entry-level salary. Median income is the statistical midpoint for the range of salaries in a specific occupation. It represents what you would earn if you were paid more money than half the workers in an occupation, and less than half the workers in an occupation. It may give you a basis to estimate what you might earn at some point if you enter this career. Grand Canyon University can make no guarantees on individual graduates’ salaries. Your employability will be determined by numerous factors over which GCU has no control, such as the employer the graduate chooses to apply to, the graduate’s experience level, individual characteristics, skills, etc., against a pool of candidates.
- COVID-19 has adversely affected the global economy and data from 2020 to 2022 may be atypical compared to prior years. Accordingly, data shown is effective September 2023, which can be found here: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Registered Nurses, retrieved March 14, 2024.