Bachelor of Science in Software Development
Computer Programmer Career Guide
Computer Programmer Career Guide
Job Description
What Is a Computer Programmer?
A computer programmer is a technology professional who writes, tests and updates code that helps software programs and applications run correctly. Programmers may use languages such as Python, Java and C++ to build functionality, identify errors, debug code and improve performance. They often work with software developers, quality assurance testers and other technology professionals.
While requirements can vary by employer, computer programmers typically need a bachelor’s degree in computer science, software development or a related field, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).(See disclaimer 1) Hands-on experience and knowledge of multiple programming languages may also support career preparation.
Computer Programmer Career Snapshot
Computer programmers turn software designs into working instructions that computers can follow. Their work may involve reviewing program requirements, writing new code, updating existing systems and checking that applications perform as intended. In many organizations, programmers support the software development process by helping translate technical plans into functional programs. Because programming tools, languages and development practices continue to change, this career path requires ongoing learning in areas such as coding frameworks, software testing, version control and secure programming practices.(See disclaimer 1)
Career Area
Responsibilities
What To Know
Programmers create, update, test and troubleshoot code for software applications and computer systems.
Career Area
Education Requirements
What To Know
Many employers prefer a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology or a related field. Internship or project experience may also help.(See disclaimer 1)
Career Area
Key Skills
What To Know
Programmers need coding knowledge, analytical thinking, attention to detail, troubleshooting skills and communication skills.(See disclaimer 2)
Career Area
Work Environment
What To Know
Programmers may work in offices, home offices or technology-focused settings across industries such as software, finance, manufacturing and systems design.(See disclaimer 3)
Career Area
Career Outlook
What To Know
The BLS projects about 5,500 computer programmer openings each year, on average, from 2024 to 2034.(See disclaimer 4)
Career Area
Job Types
What To Know
Related roles may include programmer analyst, application developer, web developer, software developer and database programmer.(See disclaimer 5)
Career Area
What To Know
Responsibilities
Programmers create, update, test and troubleshoot code for software applications and computer systems.
Education Requirements
Many employers prefer a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology or a related field. Internship or project experience may also help.(See disclaimer 1)
Key Skills
Programmers need coding knowledge, analytical thinking, attention to detail, troubleshooting skills and communication skills.(See disclaimer 2)
Work Environment
Programmers may work in offices, home offices or technology-focused settings across industries such as software, finance, manufacturing and systems design.(See disclaimer 3)
Career Outlook
The BLS projects about 5,500 computer programmer openings each year, on average, from 2024 to 2034.(See disclaimer 4)
Job Types
Related roles may include programmer analyst, application developer, web developer, software developer and database programmer.(See disclaimer 5)
Role
What Does a Computer Programmer Do?
Computer programmers turn software requirements into working code. They review technical specifications, write instructions in programming languages and make sure programs perform the tasks they were designed to complete. Their work often centers on three core responsibilities: coding new or revised program functions, debugging errors that affect performance and maintaining code so software remains secure, compatible and useful over time.
Coding
Write program instructions based on technical specifications, user needs or software design plans
Debugging
Test code, locate errors and correct issues that may affect how a program runs
Maintaining
Update existing code to improve security, add functionality or support compatibility with other systems
Outlook
Computer Programmer Salary and Career Outlook
Computer programmers continue to support organizations that rely on software systems, applications and digital infrastructure. According to the BLS, about 5,500 openings for computer programmers are projected each year, on average, from 2024 to 2034.(See disclaimer 4)
This ongoing need may create opportunities for professionals who can update code, troubleshoot systems and support existing software. The BLS reported a median annual wage of $98,670 for computer programmers in May 2024, with salary potential varying by industry, experience and technical skill set.(See disclaimer 6)
Openings
5,500
Projected job openings for programmers each year, on average, from 2024 to 2034(See disclaimer 4)
Workplace
Where Do Computer Programmers Work?
Computer programmers work in offices, home offices and industry-specific business environments where software systems need to be built, updated or supported. They may be employed by technology companies, software publishers, financial organizations, manufacturers or other businesses that depend on digital tools.(See disclaimer 3) Some programmers are self-employed and provide programming services for clients across different industries.
Common industries where computer programmers work include:(See disclaimer 3)
Software publishers
Build or support software products, applications and platforms used by businesses or consumers
Finance and insurance
Support secure digital tools, customer platforms, internal systems and financial technology applications
Manufacturing
Work on software that supports production systems, operational tools, automation or equipment-related processes
Self-employed
Provide programming services for clients, projects or businesses as an independent professional
Career Path
How To Become a Computer Programmer
To become a computer programmer, you typically need a technology-related education, practical coding experience and continued training in current programming tools.(See disclaimer 1) Many programmers build this foundation through a bachelor’s degree in computer science, software development, software engineering or a related area.(See disclaimer 1) Employer requirements can vary, but you can strengthen your preparation by learning multiple programming languages, completing project-based work and pursuing certifications or continuing education as technologies change.(See disclaimer 1,2)
Follow these steps to become a computer programmer:
Earn a bachelor’s degree
Study computer science, software development, software engineering or another computer and information technology field
Gain hands-on experience
Build coding experience through internships, entry-level technology roles, labs, portfolio projects or applied coursework(See disclaimer 1)
Pursue continuing education
Continue learning through short courses or training in specific programming languages, frameworks or software tools(See disclaimer 1)
Education
What Are the Computer Programmer Education Requirements?
Computer programmer education requirements vary by employer, but many roles call for a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, software development or a related field.(See disclaimer 1) A degree program can help students build technical foundations while exploring areas such as programming, databases, systems design and software development.
If you wish to work in a specific industry, you may also benefit from electives or projects connected to that field. Graduate education is less common for entry-level roles, but the BLS reported that about 20% of programmers held a graduate degree in 2023.(See disclaimer 7)
More Than 2.9 Million
Number of workers with a degree in computer and information technology in 2023(See disclaimer 7)
What Degrees Can Help You Become a Computer Programmer?
9 Matching Degrees
Bachelor of Science in Software Development
with an Emphasis in Mobile App Development
Bachelor of Science in Artificial Intelligence
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Master of Science in Computer Science
Master of Science in Software Development
Master of Science in Artificial Intelligence
Bridge (Master of Science in Software Development)
Bridge (Master of Science in Computer Science)
Skills
Which Computer Programmer Skills Are Essential?
Computer programmers use a combination of technical and workplace skills. In addition to proficiency in programming languages such as Python, JavaScript, Java and C++, programmers use analytical thinking, attention to detail and communication skills to write code, troubleshoot issues and collaborate with other professionals throughout the software development process.(See disclaimer 1,2)
Common skills for computer programmers include:(See disclaimer 1,2)
Programming languages
Programmers use programming languages to create, maintain and update software applications
Attention to detail
Attention to detail helps programmers identify errors and write accurate, reliable code
Problem-solving skills
Programmers use problem-solving skills to debug code, troubleshoot issues and develop technical solutions
Communication skills
Programmers use communication skills to collaborate with team members and explain technical information to different audiences
FAQ
Computer Programmer FAQs
Explore the following frequently asked questions and answers about computer programmers to decide if this career path is right for you.
Is computer programming a good career?
What is the difference between a computer programmer and a software developer?
What industries hire computer programmers?
What programming languages do computer programmers use?
How has AI changed the role of computer programmers?
How can a computer science degree help support a programming career?
Career Fit
Is Computer Programming Right for You?
Computer programming may be a good fit if you enjoy structured problem-solving, technical learning and detail-focused work. This career often appeals to people who like using logic to understand how systems function and how digital tools can be improved. To evaluate your fit, consider your interest in technology, your comfort with computer-based work and your willingness to keep learning as tools and programming practices change.
Related Computer Programming Career Resources
Explore additional GCU articles to learn more about computer programming, related technology roles and the skills used in software-focused careers. These blogs can help you compare pathways, understand common responsibilities and decide which direction may align with your interests.
Take the Next Step Toward a Computer Programming Career
Explore GCU's technology degree programs and discover how you can build the programming, problem-solving and software development skills needed for a career in computer programming.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, Aug. 28). How To Become a Computer Programmer. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved July 2026.
- Indeed Editorial Team. (2025, Dec. 15). What Does a Computer Programmer Do? (Plus Skills and Requirements). Indeed. Retrieved July 2026.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, Aug. 28). Computer Programmers: Work Environment. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved July 2026.
- COVID-19 has adversely affected the global economy and data from 2020 to 2023 may be atypical compared to prior years. Accordingly, data shown is effective August 2025, which can be found here: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Computer Programmers, retrieved July 2026.
- Indeed Editorial Team. (2026, June 15). 11 Types of Programming Jobs (With Duties and Salaries). Indeed. Retrieved July 2026.
- The earnings referenced were reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Computer Programmers as of May 2024, retrieved July 2026. Due to COVID-19, data from 2020 to 2023 may be atypical compared to prior years. BLS calculates the median using salaries of workers nationwide with varying levels of education and experience. It does not reflect the earnings of GCU graduates as computer programmers, nor does it reflect the earnings of workers in one city or region of the country or a typical entry-level salary. Median income is the statistical midpoint for the range of salaries in a specific occupation. It is very unlikely that a median salary will reflect an entry-level salary. It represents what you would earn if you were paid more money than half the workers in an occupation, and less than half the workers in an occupation. It may give you a basis to estimate what you might earn at some point if you enter this career. Grand Canyon University can make no guarantees on individual graduates’ salaries. Your employability will be determined by numerous factors over which GCU has no control, such as the employer the graduate chooses to apply to, the graduate’s experience level, individual characteristics, skills, etc., against a pool of candidates.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, Aug. 28). Field of Degree: Computer and Information Technology. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved July 2026.
- Pandey, R., Singh, P., Wei, R. and Shankar, S. (2024, June 25). Transforming Software Development: Evaluating the Efficiency and Challenges of GitHub Copilot in Real-World Projects. Arxiv. Retrieved July 2026.
- Cihon, P., Demirer, M., Kalliamvakou, E. and Peng, S. (2023, Feb. 13). The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot. Arxiv. Retrieved July 2026.
- Dabbir, R. (2025, April 5). The Future Of Code: How AI Is Transforming Software Development. Forbes. Retrieved July 2026.
Approved and verified accurate by the Assistant Dean of the College of Engineering and Technology on Aug. 5, 2026.